 |
 |
 |
|---|---|---|
| September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
| Family | Verbenaceae |
| Scientific name | Verbena litoralis Kunth |
| Synonyms | Verbena affinis M. Martens & Galeotti; Verbena approximata Briquet; Verbena bonariensis L. var. litoralis (Kunth) Hooker; Verbena caracasana Kunth; Verbena cordobensis Briquet; Verbena integrifolia Sesse y Lacasta & Mocino; Verbena litoralis Kunth forma albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke; Verbena litoralis Kunth forma angustifolia Chodat; Verbena litoralis Kunth forma magnifolia Moldenke; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. albiflora Moldenke; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. brasiliensis Briquet; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. caracasana (Kunth) Briquet; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. glabrior Bentham; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. leptostachya Schauer; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. melanopotamica Hauman; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. portoricensis Moldenke; Verbena litoralis Kunth var. pycnostachya Schauer; Verbena nudiflora Nuttall ex Turczaninow; Verbena parviflora Larranaga; Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry |
| Common name | (Japanese common name) hime-kuma-tsudzura (ヒメクマツヅラ, 姫熊葛 [meaning: tiny kuma-tsudzura (kuma-tsudzura = Verbena officinalis L.)]) |
| (English common name) seashore vervain | |
| Distribution | (Japan) Honshu (west of Kanto region), Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa |
| (Other nations) [native] Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina | |
| Habitat | Field, farm yard, roadside |
| Chromosomal number | 2n=28, 56 |
| Description | Plants electing 50-200cm tall. Leaves 3-6cm long, ca. 1cm wide. Flowers pale purple corollas ca. 3mm across, flowering in June to September (all seasons in Okinawa). Perennial plants. |
| Reference | Verbena litoralis Kunth |
| Verbena litoralis Kunth | |
| Verbena litoralis Kunth | |
| Verbena litoralis Kunth | |
| A species-level phylogenetic study of the Verbena complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers | |
| An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador | |
| Note | Naturalized plants. |
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
 |
|---|
| September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
 |
|---|
| September 2009 at seaside field in Wakayama Prefecture |
